Reference news, August 11, foreign media said that "in our world are capable of killing machine instead, we must make a serious commitment. Never distinct robot enabled out of pity and humanity ". Issued this warning is South Africa kelisituofu·haiensi-the United Nations Human Rights Council responsible for extrajudicial executions and the consultant.
According to the Spain of the Panorama magazine June issue of publicity, about killer robots always reminiscent of science fiction movies, but in fact it has very real possibilities. American troops already in Afghanistan used the battlefield UAVs, and announced that the next 20 years to 120,000 disarmament, goal is to replace it with robot. To this end, the United States Department of Defense Advanced research projects Agency has already begun work in this area.
Reportedly, most experts agree, says 20 years may be too short, but if no one stops it, the first generation of robot soldiers will appear on the battlefield. In April, the Conference of non-States parties to the Convention on certain conventional weapons, held in Geneva, some of the equipment in the field of robots and artificial intelligence experts were invited to attend the meeting. The meeting is prohibited for the future research and development experts called "lethal autonomous weapons systems" signed an agreement to lay the necessary foundation. Amnesty International is responsible for arms control, security and human rights expert Lasha·abodule-Rahim said, "what we say is things except the drones". She said, "we are worried about is completely autonomous robot weapons systems, it can be selectively targeted under the effective control in the absence of humans killing or causing injury". At present, such a weapon system has not been used in any country, but began to appear the first model is sufficient to make us see how waiting for us is going to be a future.
Most sensational robot weapons systems from Japan, known as Kurata. This is a 4-ton giant robot, standing about 4 meters, equipped with 4 legs with wheels can be controlled remotely.
Reports said Kurata robot special is equipped with two machine guns, capable of firing 6000 rounds in 1 minute, also have a system for tracking a moving target. It sells for more than $ 1 million, although has not been sold since its release, but it was enough to show that robot era has begun. Is it a good thing or a bad thing?
How do you say it depends. Robot application the most authoritative experts in the field, one of the United States luonade·ajin, a professor at the University of Michigan believe that robot warriors not only is a fact that has a mobile, but also a very positive thing. "Every war atrocities is said does not say, manufacturers are always people. "Kim says," human behavior on the battlefield many times from the moral and law says is questionable. History, there were numerous war criminals, their war is also various. In all this confusion, robots will be able to contribute significantly to solve the problem, at least make the problem is reduced to a minimum. "
Reported that, in his view, use robots to replace soldiers almost could be called a moral responsibility. "First of all, use robot armies can greatly reduce the number of soldiers must be sacrificed on the battlefield; also can avoid civilian casualties, they are war ' incidental victim. '"
Akin to support research and development of "lethal autonomous weapons system" argument is that "judgment to soldiers on the battlefield is not under the influence of emotions. Potential fears and emotions mania is the biggest enemy for soldiers on the battlefield, often they are unable to withstand the pressure and eventually made a terrible decision. Conversely, if is a robot, if you want to set appropriate procedures, doubts they will not take any action. Unlike humans, robots will not be the first shot and then cause problems. " Therefore, in Kim's view the problem does not lie in the machine itself, but setting the standard. "Robot soldier and the toaster, as they have no souls, also failed to distinguish between good and bad sense. If killing set for its program, it will slaughter. Design is the key to making them effective, to the extent possible avoid bleeding under complete tasks ".
Reports said United Kingdom Sheffield University artificial intelligence and robotics program, Professor Emeritus, nuoaier·xiaji hold the opposite view. He was the "stop killer robots" the founder of the movement, but also members of the International Committee for robot arms control, which consists of scientists and human rights lawyers.
Sharkey said that "from a moral point of view, many people think that the book is a very scary thought to a machine. And, although completely autonomous weapon systems not by fear or anger to the nose, but they also lack compassion, and mercy are the most critical one is to avoid the massacre of civilians umbrella ".
Reported that, at present, the US has been handed the number of combat missions to the drones to perform, Korea military also has begun using remote-controlled vehicles in the border patrol, but none of these machines are completely autonomous, firing decisions remain in the hands of man. Therefore, sought by the national experts meeting in Geneva is to become a reality before the ban on the use of "lethal autonomous weapons systems" to reach an international agreement. Although experts know it's not a simple matter, as migeer·anheer·kaerdelong of Amnesty International said, in mind when developing such weapons systems, business interests tend to rise above it all. Apple intends to take over your House all smart
In fact, the decision already has. As mentioned earlier, in the United States funded by the Defense Advanced research projects Agency, is named "Atlas" robot has been officially unveiled in 2013. It's a look and "Terminator" is similar to bipedal humanoid robots. 28 of its body by the hydraulic launch joint composition, making it in all kinds of flexible pavement environmental movement. Of course, it can also carry weapons.
Reports that Russia had joined the Chase. Chief of walieli·gelaximofu in Chechnya have expressed ideas equipped robot warriors on the battlefield. Now, the Russia military has lived up to his powerful arsenal of techniques, of which the most notable is the "MRK-27BT" of battle droids. It is a tracked mobile robot, equipped with 1 machine guns, two launchers, two flame throwers and 6 smoke shells. In addition, Russia in January this year, released the first autonomous combat robot, which is a robot that can move in the flat shape. However, the show has no special place, camera even records the Russia President Vladimir Putin yawned at the scene shot this from one side prove, his first for the Russian army battle droids are not impressed.
Apart from moral considerations, economic issues are issues to consider when the research and development of such weapons systems. United States Department of Defense joint forces command robot project manager, smart war "Godfather" said Gordon Johnson, "a soldier and his average will cost the Ministry of defence US $ 4 million, and the number is increasing. According to our estimates, a robot soldier spend is only this amount of 1/10 ". In order to be able to get people to any military formation concept robot can save money, just look at the United States this year for retired soldiers owed money on it – $ 653 billion. If you use a robot, this sum of money will be saved. In addition, the robot's service time can be longer than people. Of course, the military can escape by using more and more autonomous robot soldiers brought about by the legal and moral consequences. Johnson said, "I have often thought if such robots are destroyed a school bus, rather than a tank do?, we can sure exactly where to aim at a target, we cannot let the machine has the ability to shoot".
Reports that this is a sensible position, but things are not so simple. Spain information and systems engineering professor at the University of Zaragoza mannuaier·gangsaleisi·beidiya believes that "any machine that can go wrong, there is no 100% the validity of. This is applicable to personal computers or cost over tens of millions of dollars the valid regulation of robot super soldier. The biggest difference is that robots on the battlefield making errors more serious, is closely related to human life. "
Nuoaier·xiaji believe that is the most extreme possible outcomes, "in case of error, we would have used to attack the enemy of these machines, which in turn will attack us. Risks are likely to exist ". In addition, how to enforce the law is one of the focus of debate. Amnesty International said Calderon, "who is the uncontrolled lethal autonomous weapons systems may be responsible for war crimes committed? accountability provisions of international law who is responsible, who is responsible for the compensation. But apply to robots, things are not so simple, because the machine itself is not those responsible for the killings. "
But one of the supporters of the military to develop robot technology Arkin says that "Yes, in the event of such circumstances, we do not see what soldiers were tried and convicted for such offences. However, the Supreme command was responsible for such machines, the Government should also pay compensation to the victims. The other hand, I believe one day will develop the law in this regard, close present gaps. "
Reported that in addition, Atkins also believes that a complete ban on developing such weapons is the practice of no practical effect. "If the robot really can be used on the battlefield, some people will take advantage of." He recalled that in 1899, while the European countries signed the ban spread of asphyxiating or toxic qualities for the sole purpose of missiles the Hague Declaration, in World War II, the Germans were using this gas. Arkin said that "had to do was confirmed by credible research, such a machine in accordance with the provisions of international law."
Like the terminator movies is about the kind of future scenarios by killer robots rule the world is far from achieved. Arkin says, "think of robots as omnipotent Marvel is a ridiculous idea. Machine is a machine, which there can be no concept of right and wrong. " Therefore, in the face of Stephen Hawking and other scientists to challenge the runaway artificial intelligence equipment, engineer and programmer Moli·Shanahan says, "If there is a robot that can decide for yourself, that this is purely imaginary perfect thing. We don't know how to build such a machine. We can produce artificial devices are unlikely to have any military tools for independent action, so this device to recognize the long term means what kind of risks are the most important. So, someone opined that a bandage before the injury occurred, but the importance of this issue is worthy of such forward-looking. "
Reports said the convening of the Summit is to make the Member States of the United Nations in Geneva does not use "non-human forces" signed a memorandum, though perhaps it is carrying out this work is not much. Early 2015 United States Army announcement, hoping the first robot in the year 2030 used in actual combat, by 2040 us each one of 4 soldiers in robots.
What will happen in the not too distant future? killer robots are banned supporters are optimistic and believe that their wishes will come true. Nuoaier·xiaji said, "now that we have disabled weapons and blinding laser weapons have been successful, we also have reason to believe that killing machine on the question of who achieve the results we want." And Arkin as representative supports the use of robot warriors side had stuck to their point of view. Is able to reach a consensus on at least on one point: the end of the robot world is still very far away from us.
